Knee osteoarthritis

See how osteoarthritis affects the knee and why tailored strengthening and everyday movement are central to care.

Front-view knee schematic showing femur, tibia and joint surfaces with changes highlighted; not a severity scale.
Simplified diagram for education, not diagnostic imaging. Select the diagram to view it full size.

What is it?

Knee osteoarthritis affects the whole joint, including cartilage, bone and surrounding tissues. Pain may fluctuate rather than worsen steadily. A scan does not tell the whole story: your symptoms, function and goals help guide treatment.

  • Pain with walking or stairs
  • Stiffness after sitting
  • Occasional swelling or reduced movement

How physiotherapy may help

01

Strengthen the leg

Select knee and hip exercises that are achievable now and progress over time.

02

Keep active

Find aerobic activity you enjoy, such as walking, cycling or water-based exercise.

03

Manage flare-ups

Adjust the load, pace demanding tasks and plan a gradual return.

Everyday approach

Exercise may initially feel uncomfortable, but a tailored plan can improve pain and function. If weight management is relevant, seek supportive advice rather than extreme diets. A walking aid may help when walking is difficult.

What to keep in mind

Physiotherapy does not regrow cartilage or guarantee avoidance of surgery. If pain substantially affects life despite appropriate non-surgical care, discuss further options with your GP. Treatment choices should fit your needs and preferences.

General educational information, not a diagnosis or personal treatment plan. For an emergency in Australia, call 000.

Sources and further reading

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